France

The medal's obverse bears seal of the city of Philadelphia with two female figures flanking shield bearing plow and ship, scales of justice held high above. Above, PHILADELPHIA; below, UNITED STATED OF AMERICA; under seal, MDCCLXXXIX

The reverse bears wreath. Around, LES FRANCAIS DE PHILADELPHIE RECONNAISSANTS; in center field, A / A. THIERS. / POUR SERVICES RENDU / A LA / REPUBLIQUE / FRANCAISE / 5 SEPTEMBRE / 1873.

The circular medal measures 63.4mm in diameter and was struck in bronze. I know neither artist nor mint or mintage. Any further information would be welcome.

The medal's obverse shows two women, symbolising France and America, seated in an open boat, rowed by an angel wearing a phrygian bonnet (a symbol of the French Revolution). In the distance on the left is the Statue of Liberty. Around top, VNION · FRANCO · AMERICAINE / STATVE · COLOSS-ALE · DE · LA · LIBERTÉ · ECLAIRANT · LE · MONDE / 28 OCTOBRE / M.D.CCCLXXXVI; signed around lower left, O. Roty.

The reverse shows the shields of America and France resting on a laurel branch, with a profile portrait of Bartholdi, facing left, in a medallion between them.  Around, SOUVENIR · DE · L'INDEPENDANCE · AMERICAINE; across,  MONVMENT / ERIGÉ · PAR · LA · FRANCE / ET · L'AMERIQVE · EN · SOUVENIR / · DE · LEVR · ANCIENNE · AMITIÉ / 1776 - 1876; flanking cartouche at bottom, HAVTEVR · DE / LA · STATVE · 46'''8 - HAVTEVR · DV / PIÉDESTAL · 35'''

This medal commemorates the Franco-American Union, formed in 1875, which planned and ultimately brought about the creation of the Statue of Liberty. The statue was a gift of friendship from France to the U.S.A. in recognition of the friendship established between the two nations during the American Revolution.

The Union agreed that the monument would represent the work of both nations. The statue would be made by the French and transported to the U.S.A. and the Americans would build its pedestal. The sculptor Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi (1834-1904) started work immediately. The statue was dedicated on 28th October 1886.

The circular medal measures 68.8mm in diameter and was struck in bronze by the Paris Mint. No mintage is reported.

Parts of the description are from the Victoria and Albert Museum's record for this medal.

References:   Baxter 30, Marqusee 340

The galvano bears allegorical figure of America emerging from threatening clouds, stretching arms out protectively over children reading and playing at her feet; radiant beams of light behind figure. In exergue, · AMERICA · AIDS · THE · / · CHILDREN · OF · / · FRANCE · ; signed along left bottom, · P · MANSHIP · / © 1918

The French Heroes' Fund was established by Americans to rehabilitate wounded French soldiers, to help their families, and to aid children orphaned by the First World War. The fund purchased the childhood château of the Marquis de Lafayette–America's ally in the  Revolutionary War–and raised hundreds of thousands of dollars on behalf of the French.

The allegorical figure of America wears the Phrygian cap and classical gown that also symbolizes Marianne, France's version of America's "Lady Liberty." 

This design was used as the reverse on a medal struck by the Medallic Art Company. The circular galvano relief measures 124.6mm in diameter.

Many thanks to the curators and editors of the excellent website of the Smithsonian's American Art Museum, which provided a lot of the content for this relief.

The medal's obverse bears soldiers advancing past a fallen comrade on a battlefield strewn with wildflowers and fleurs-de-lis, the ancient badge of French glory; explosions and smoke filling background. On scroll around bottom, THE · FRENCH · HEROES' · FUND

The reverse bears allegorical figure of America emerging from threatening clouds, stretching arms out protectively over children reading and playing at her feet; radiant beams of light behind figure. In exergue, · AMERICA · AIDS · THE · / · CHILDREN · OF · / · FRANCE · ; signed along lower left, · P · MANSHIP · / © 1918

The French Heroes' Fund was established by Americans to rehabilitate wounded French soldiers, to help their families, and to aid children orphaned by the First World War. The fund purchased the childhood château of the Marquis de Lafayette–America's ally in the  Revolutionary War–and raised hundreds of thousands of dollars on behalf of the French.

The allegorical figure of America wears the Phrygian cap and classical gown that also symbolizes Marianne, France's version of  America's "Lady Liberty." 

The circular medal measures 65.1mm in diameter and was struck by the Medallic Art Company of New York. No mintage is reported.

References:   Baxter 366, MACo 1918-006, Murtha 104

The medal's obverse bears a soldier facing half-left, saluting and standing at attention, his fieldkit and helmet at his feet to his right. Across, AMERICAN / EXPEDITIONARY / FORCES / FRANCE / 1919; signed at lower left, AITKEN / FECIT

The reverse bears upper half of stern-looking Statue of Liberty and stylized ocean waves.

The circular medal measures 50.1mm in diameter and was struck in bronze. No mintage is reported.

The medal's obverse bears American Red Cross nurse facing right; Around top, · CROIX · ROUGE · AMERICAINE · EN · FRANCE · ; signed over right shoulder, G PRVD HOMME

The reverse bears nurse kneeling next to wounded soldier on a stretcher, holding him up so he can drink from cup she holds to his lips.  In background, forest, ambulance and field hospital, with red cross flag flying from central mast.  Across, AMERICAN / AMBULANCE.  Signed in exergue, G PRVDHOMME

The circular medal measures 68mm in diameter and was struck in bronze by the Paris Mint. No mintage is reported.

The medal's obverse depicts a hospital scene with Japanese doctor taking the pulse of caucasian patient sitting up in bed, Japanese nurse standing by with a bottle of medicine. Around top, Japaense symbols ; signed at left, P LENOIR

The reverse bears crossed French and Japanese flags with Cross on lotus flower in center. Around, HOPITAUX JAPONAIS EN FRANCE, across, 1914 - 1918

The Japanese Red Cross Society had acquired an impressive reputation by providing assistance with numerous disasters world-wide, for example the San Francisco earthquake of 1906.

Only a few days after Japan entered World War I on the Allied side, the Japanese Cabinet requested that the Red Cross Society send three groups of doctors and nurses to Europe: one each to Japan’s allies, Britain, France and Russia. The leaders of the Red Cross Society accepted this proposal, readily recognizing the national and international importance of this pioneering act of Asian medical aid to European countries. The three allies quickly accepted the Japanese suggestion.